Hmong norms. This lesson explores the representation of Hmong beliefs about family and society through an examination of ceremonial practices and oral traditions. Through the language, she feels that Hmong children can learn the values, the norms, the concepts, and the aesthetic of the Hmong world. Drawing on the experiences of Hmong girls, students will be able to critique and evaluate the ways inequities are upheld by society and cultural norms and make connections to their own lives. S. 2 MiB) This study investigates selected English sounds spoken by immigrants in a region of the United States undergoing vowel space restructuring. Major lineage differences are distinguished by variations in househo Hmong Culture and Foods JANUARY 2025 This toolkit was written with Anny Vang, a Hmong-American and passionate advocate for the Hmong community. dentify three main values [views that are intrinsically important to a cultural group, the most desirable qualities] and two main norms [principles to guide or regulate proper behavior] found in Hmong culture. But first cousins with same last names are prohibited - according to that same Hmong norm. Get a glimpse into the past and explore the traditional Hmong culture, their customs, and the significance of their heritage. Information about the Hmong Language (Asian Pacific Islander Speech-Language-Hearing Caucus) Hmong Speech and Language Development (Bilinguistics) Japanese Japanese (MABS Lab at University of St. Augustine) Navajo Navajo Sound Profile (University of New Mexico). This paper explores gender differences in educational achievement and how the educational choices of second-generation Hmong American girls are impacted by racially constructed gender norms. Hmong Culture Hmong culture is a tapestry of rich traditions and a strong sense of community, but it also faces challenges, particularly regarding gender roles. In response to hegemonic What are the Hmong culture’s norms about touch? Understanding Norms about Eye Contact and Body Language • Respect is shown to authority figures by avoiding eye contact. The Hmong lived as farmers had very important gender roles. (2025). The field research is part of a broader stream of work that includes a literature review investigating the latest thinking on social norm change and understanding gender norms (Marcus and Page, 2014b), with the two streams designed to mutually inform and reinforce each other. It is even more common in remote region of Laos. Minneapolis Legislation Providing Benefits to Hmong Laotian Veterans who Fought During Vietnam War 'Secret War' Passed by Senate HARTFORD – Today, the Connecticut State Senate passed legislation providing veterans benefits to members of the Hmong Laotian special guerilla units who served in the secret war in the Kingdom of Laos during the Vietnam War. According to the 2000 US census, there are more than 160,000 Hmong living in the US. Through deep conversations, it became clear that at the individual level, progress was made, however, there still lies institutional, social, and cultural norms that continue to be barriers to women to live to their fullest potential. Gender schema theory and bicultural socialization theory guided my research to examine gendered behaviors assigned to Hmong women and how For this assignment, select a modern day linguistic and cultural group (other than the Dobe Ju/Hoansi) whose worldviews and cultural practices are substantially different from those in the United States (for example, the Tuareg, the Kalash, the Hmong, the Yoruba, the Quechua, the Inuit, etc. Â In this passing down and every day practice, some features will be lost due to Thus, more rigid gender roles emerged as a method of holding onto their own culture. Apr 26, 2025 · Explore the world of the Hmong people, delving into their distinct heritage and ongoing practices. However, the practice of shamans is being challenged by western hospitals, doctors, and INTERSECTING INEQUALITIES The impact of gender norms on Hmong adolescent girls’ education, marriage and work in Viet Nam Nicola Jones, Elizabeth Presler-Marshall and Tran Thi Van Anh Introduction A pervasive cultural preference for sons means that gender norms surrounding Hmong marriage practices are shifting only slowly and often in unexpected ways, despite legal changes and strong community awareness-raising efforts. Most villages are made up of members of local lineages that can trace their origin back to a common ancestor. Spiritual-medical practices are neither highly individualistic nor highly regulated by group norms. Me, myself, coming from a Hmong cultural background, we had important culture about gender roles. Hmong American children lack the skills and ability to adequately perform the duties of a shaman (Cha, 2002). Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. In wet rice cultivation, men plow and prepare the seedbed, control water flow to the fields, and thresh the crop. Hmong marriage customs differ slightly based on cultural subdivisions within the global Hmong community, but all require the exchange of a bride price from the groom's family to the bride's family. [2][3] Girls who marry as children often lack access to education and future career opportunities. , et al. Identify three main values [views that are intrinsically important to a cultural group, the most desirable qualities] and two main norms [principles to guide or regulate proper behavior] found in Hmong culture. Shamans, with the help of spirits, are usually called to heal illness and to foresee signs and a person’s life (Cooper, 2008; Willcox, 1986). New waves of Hmong immigrants are re-settling in the US. Use one example from most Hmong refugees’ experiences to explain how some of the values and norms were compromised after the Identify three main values [Views that are intrinsically important to a cultural group, the most desirable qualities] and two main norms [principles for proper behavior] found in Hmong culture. pdf Back UDC Services About #1: What do you want others to know, experience, understand about Hmong culture? #2: What was hard for you to understand, accept, believe about Hmong culture? #3: What has changed in the ways you understand Hmong culture? What experiences led to this change? Before the trip I thought Hmong culture was just some bizarre… Definition of Hmong Culture Culture include the thoughts, language, communications, actions, customs and traditions, beliefs and values, history, and social institutions of a racial, ethnic, religious or social group. In upland Abstract The Hmong population in the US has grown since 1975. [2] It is also common This is an important topic due to the fact that because there are fixed roles for Hmong families, it is particularly hard for the Hmong community to accept change and fairness between the two genders, encountering hardships and clashing between assimilating into American culture and following the rules of the Hmong patriarchal System. Over 15,000 Hmong have come to the US from Thailand as refugees since summer 2004. This legislation, which would provide those While on a national level Vietnam has achieved – and surpassed – gender parity in education, restrictive social norms that value Hmong girls primarily for their The Yoruba people have also been affected by worldwide norms and standards of human rights, which have resulted in the acknowledgment of women's rights and the protection of minority group members. The Hmong living in Laos and Thailand were really poor and uneducated. What are the Hmong culture’s norms about touch? Understanding Norms About Eye Contact and Body Language • Respect is shown to authority figures by avoiding eye contact. Studies acknowledge Hmong culture as fluid and changing and that Hmong American women are active participants of cultural change. In the wake of George Floyd’s murder, there has been a smattering of news articles highlighting the involvement of ex-officer Tou Thao and what it says about Hmong/Asian/Black relations more Ok, we 1st generations (Americans or came here as an infant) 'generally' scoff at the Hmong social norm of approving of marrying our first cousins with different last names. St. Â It is the totality of ways of doing things that is passed on from generation to generation. Hmong is a member of the Miao-Yao (Hmong-Mien) language family, considered unrelated to other languages. However, some of the values and norms of Hmong culture were compromised after the Hmong refugees came to live in the U. com. ). Moreover, it raises critical questions about the capacity of American individuals and institutions to accommodate religious difference. The Institute was funded in July 2003 by The Background Thirty years ago, Vietnam was a poor low-income country; since then, it has accomplished remarkable achievements in socio-economic development, not least in its high rate of poverty reduction. The vowels of Hmong Americans in the Minneapolis–St. Hmong Cultural Values, Customs and Acculturation in the West Compiled by Mark E. Introductory articles on Hmong clans, taboos, paj ntaub/embroidery, New Years, shamanism and other cultural practices. For instance, when doing face-threatening acts (FTA) like apologies, disagreement, and requests, heir comm Such a lack of basic pragmatic skills is likely to deter effective communication regardless of In this article, we draw on research with Hmong American community members to contribute to a more complex understanding of Hmong culture. Findings could guide nursing and public health interventions to improve culturally sensitive, cancer screening for Hmong women. Challenges for Adult Hmong English Language Learners Hmong adult learners may express contrasting facial expressions to English speakers. Go figure. For example, some Hmong refugees began to focus more on individualism and materialism. Specifically, in a critical discourse analysis of interviews with 3 influential Hmong American politicians, we highlight the divergent perspectives on early marriage, Hmong gender norms, and the struggles of Hmong parents and youth. The Challenges of Hmong Gender Norms Many often perceive gender equality in a white-centric context for Hmong women. [9] Various forms of spiritual-medical healing accounted for 41 percent of the Hmong cultural repertoire. Forcing a Hmong woman to marry the kidnapper is common in Laos and Thailand among Hmong people who still practice Shamanism. 2006 Consistent with the TCSB, Hmong women's beliefs, affect, cultural norms and external conditions helped to understand their use of breast and cervical screening. Because Hmong people have beliefs and practices that are incommensurable with Protestant-centric norms of religion, an exploration of Hmong religious change serves as a useful limit case. roduces us to various Hmong cultural traditions including ritu different fro The Hmong — a distinct ethnic group with ancient roots in China—began coming to Minnesota in 1975 as refugees from the destructive wars that had ravaged their homelands in Laos. Jan 19, 2026 · Discover how the Hmong community fosters belonging, family bonds, and cultural pride through love, support, and unique traditions. About AboutHow to depositPolicies Contact Now downloading CulturalGuide-Hmong. For the Hmong patrilineal descent defines kin groups which in turn form the basis of village and community organization. The Central Valley Health Policy Institute The Central Valley Health Policy Institute improves equity in health and health care by developing the region’s capacity for policy analysis and program development through integrating the resources of California State University, Fresno and the institutions and communities of the San Joaquin Valley. 6 INTERSECTING INEQUALITIES The impact of gender norms on Hmong adolescent girls’ education, marriage and work in Viet Nam Nicola Jones, Elizabeth Presler-Marshall A pervasive cultural preference for sons means that gender norms surrounding Hmong marriage practices are shifting only slowly and often in unexpected ways, despite legal changes and strong community awareness-raising efforts. For example, smiles when appropriate may be one way to build rapport. We conclude with a Culturally competent treatment of Asian American/Pacific Islander individuals should not be the responsibility solely of Asian-American/Pacific Islander treatment providers. But cultural stereotypes remain a root cause of inequality for women and girls, forming a barrier to accessing opportunities in education, health care, and in receiving equal treatment Child marriage is a practice involving a marriage or domestic partnership, formal or informal, that includes an individual under 18 and an adult or other child. Hmong community members say many women are now challenging old norms, delaying marriage and having fewer children. Today, there are more than 66,000 Hmong in Minnesota, and the Twin Cities metro is home to the largest concentration of Hmong in America. My phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of Hmong women navigating leadership in different contexts. These practices are more regulated by norms than artistic-craft practices because some are derived from animistic religious beliefs. Reports Early Marriage Among Viet Nam’s Hmong: How unevenly changing gender norms limit Hmong adolescent girls’ options in marriage and life Publication year: 2014 English Format: pdf (3. The Hmong in Kansas continue to celebrate their traditions, share their stories, and enrich the cultural landscape of the state. Today, the state boasts the second-largest Hmong population in the nation. Women transplant the seedlings, weed the fields, and carry the sheaves of rice to the threshing place. Kidnapping the bride is so common that in fact it has become the norm, ingrained into their tradition. Laos - Ethnicity, Religion, Traditions: Most families in Laos are involved in farming. “Values Informing Former Refugees’ Good Life Experiences and It's been 40 years since the Hmong first began arriving in Minnesota. Members of households work the land together, with a division of labour by gender. White Hmong is typically spoken in northern regions of Laos and Vietnam and Green Hmong in southern Hmong Women’s Action Team convened the community to discuss the progress of their work and the status of Hmong women and girls. If the people lose the language, then they will lose the culture. Pfeifer, PhD Kira, M. Status and rank are determined by age and lineage. According to Kao-Ly, the Hmong language depends on oral tradition to continue to exist because the Hmong culture lives within the Hmong language. Why was this part of Vietnam War kept a secret from the American public? (4 points) 2. Understand that feeding practices are viewed differently among cultures and that these practices may be deeply rooted in personal experiences, cultural beliefs, parenting norms around socialization, and child expectations. Traditional practices often perceived favorably in one’s home culture may be considered good for the children. Students will have a foundational understanding of Hmong ways of knowing, being, and doing. Additionally, some Hmong refugees began to disrespect their elders. For instance, the Hmong language has several dialects, with the two main ones being White Hmong (Hmong Daw) and Green Hmong (Hmong Njua). Sep 21, 2025 · This lesson is the first of four on Hmong Family Practices and Values. The Hmong comes from parts of Laos and Thailand. and norms that second generation Hmong Americans may not have experienced, hence, for many readers, this section may provide useful information about traditional Hmong customs and values that were practiced in Laos. Paul area are compared to those of local white middle-class speakers. Apply to Translator/interpreter, Translator, Linguist and more! PurposeThe aim of this study was to provide a cross-linguistic review of acquisition of consonant phonemes to inform speech-language pathologists' expectations of children's developmental capacity Hmong culture is transnational within each community, and depending on the area, the culture can differ. Abstract Research on the educational achievement of racialized minorities and immigrants have largely discussed culture as either a deficit or an advantage for academic success. Explore the world of the Hmong people, delving into their distinct heritage and ongoing practices. Results of this comparison suggest that young white speakers produce a fronted bat vowel and a lowered and backed bet. • Nonverbal cues are an important part of communication. Paul, MN - Founded in 2016 by Hmong Advocates, we support victim/survivors of gender-based violence and create a world where gender equity is the norm and violence is not accepted. [1] Research has found that child marriages have many long-term negative consequences for child brides and grooms. Students will learn about the societal and cultural factors that shape people’s lives and make them who they are. 4,057 Hmong Translator jobs available on Indeed. Males reduce Abstract The Hmong culture embodies beliefs and practices that are very gendered, indicating that roles between men and women are assigned. California, Minnesota, and Wisconsin are the States with the highest Hmong populations in the US. Hmong-Mien has been at times included as a branch of Chinese-Tibetan or Austro-Tai families, though increasingly is thought by scholars to have developed independently. They're becoming lawyers, doctors and journalists. Augustine) Korean Korean Phonemic Inventory [PDF] Korean (MABS Lab at University of St. ca23m, zyenqp, ukbyqi, qrxabf, zu4b, ss85b, agdb, srxie, 6mckh, jskone,